The robust, open and loud strokes of jodi resound in Punjab’s revered Shri Bhaini Sahib in Ludhiana even today.

The Namdhari Sikhs are said to be torchbearers of this instrument, Sukhwinder Singh Namdhari being a prominent exponent.

Moist flour is smeared on the left-hand bass drum called dhaama to increase the depth and tonality. Closely resembling the tabla, but much larger, the jodi too comprises two drums. Nothing but a vertically inverted version of the ancient pakhawaj or mridang drum, the jodi is said to have been invented during the time of the fifth Sikh Guru Arjan Dev. Visiting mystics eat and go, which makes Bulleh Shah glad). Aan Faqir Te Kha Kha Jaawan, Raazi Hove Bullah” (The house of God is built and within it plays the Dukkad and hymns of devotion as the stove heats up. The legendary Punjabi Sufi mystic Baba Bulleh Shah is said to have referred to this drum as ‘Dukkad’ in the verse “Itt Khadake, Dukkad Wajje, Tatta Hove Chulaah. The soulful gurbani kirtans at gurdwaras employ nuances of Hindustani music, often rendered on unique instruments like the rabab, sarinda, taus and dilruba.Īn instrument by the name of pakhawaj jodi or simply jodi is a percussion instrument unique to Sikh music. Punjab ever since has been endowed with a rich classical tradition that has found dimension through Sikh devotional music. With the words ‘chhed rabab’ (pluck the rabab lute), he would address his beloved Muslim musician-companion, Bhai Mardana, who would accompany him on the strings musical instrument. It is believed that Guru Nanak Dev would express his spiritual realisation through music. Music has been an indispensible part of Sikh culture.

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